Retalho plantar medial para reconstrução de defeitos em calcanhar após ressecção de melanoma lentiginoso acral: Uma série de 7 casos / Medial plantar flap for reconstruction of heel defects after resection of acral lentiginous melanoma: A series of seven cases

Introdução: A reconstrução da região plantar ainda é um dos grandes desafios da cirurgia plástica reconstrutiva. Os tecidos dessa região apresentam características únicas e que são essenciais para a manutenção da funcionalidade do membro. De toda a região plantar, a região do calcanhar é a área de maior sustentação do peso e submetida ao maior impacto. O retalho fasciocutâneo plantar medial é uma das opções reconstrutivas, pois representa tecido semelhante e mantém a sensibilidade para a área receptora. Método: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo através da coleta de dados de prontuário de pacientes que realizaram reconstruções da região do calcanhar com retalho plantar medial, no período de julho de 2013 a setembro de 2019. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética para Análise de Projetos de Pesquisa do HCFMUSP (Número CAAE: 56849422.0.0000.0068). Resultados: A reconstrução de calcanhar após ressecção de melanoma lentiginoso acral foi realizada em 7 pacientes. Complicações cirúrgicas foram observadas em 3 pacientes, sendo que todos eles tinham idade acima de 50 anos e/ou alguma comorbidade associada. Houve 57,1% de complicações, sendo 37,5% relacionadas ao retalho e 12,5% relacionadas à área doadora. Ocorreram 3 necroses totais de retalho (42,9%) e 1 perda total de enxerto na área doadora (14,3%). Conclusão: O retalho plantar medial se apresenta como uma boa alternativa para a realização de reconstruções oncológicas de defeitos na região plantar do pé. Contudo, deve-se ponderar a escolha do paciente ideal e lembrar que a dissecção do seu pedículo vascular não é de fácil execução.

Introduction: Resurfacing the sole is still one of the great challenges of reconstructive plastic surgery. The tissues on the sole of the foot have unique characteristics essential for maintaining the limbs functionality. The heel has the most significant weight support and is subjected to the entire soles greatest impact. The medial plantar artery flap is one of the reconstructive options, as it represents similar tissue and maintains sensitivity to the recipient area. Methods: A retrospective study was performed by collecting data from medical records of patients who underwent reconstructions of the heel with a medial plantar artery flap from July 2013 to September 2019. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Analysis of Research Projects of HCFMUSP (CAAE number: 56849422.0.0000.0068). Results: Heel reconstruction was performed in 7 patients after acral lentiginous melanoma excision. Surgical complications were observed in 3 patients, all of whom were aged over 50 years or have associated comorbidity. There were 57.1% of complications, 37.5% related to the flap, and 12.5% related to the donor area. There were three total flap necroses (42.9%) and one total graft loss in the donor area (14.3%). Conclusion: The medial plantar flap presents itself as a good alternative for performing oncological reconstructions of defects in the plantar region of the foot. However, the choice of the ideal patient should be considered and we must remember that the dissection of its vascular pedicle is not easily executed.

Obliterative portal venopathy: A neglected and probably misdiagnosed disease with peculiar etiology in South America.

Background and Aim: Obliterative portal venopathy (OPV) is one of the causes of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. However, many aspects of OPV remain unclear, including the etiology, pathogenesis, and natural history. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of OPV in a series of patients in Brazil in whom OPV was diagnosed through liver biopsy. Methods: Forty-three consecutive adult patients with OPV were retrospectively selected as a case series based on histologic criteria, defined by the presence of at least portal fibrosis, phlebosclerosis, disappearance and/or reduction of the caliber of portal vein branches, and exclusion of cirrhosis. Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. Clinically significant portal hypertension was considered in the presence of esophageal varices and/or ascites. Results: The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 44.5 ± 11 years, who were predominantly female (81%). Clinically significant portal hypertension was found in 28% of cases. The most frequent indication for liver biopsy was the elevation of liver enzymes, mostly γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in 76% of patients, averaging 222 IU/L (upper limit of normality up to 40 IU/L) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in 64%, mean 84 IU/L (38 IU/L). One-third of our patients had exposure to medications, especially herbal medicines, at the time of enzymatic changes. Other risk factors highlighted were features of autoimmunity in 25% of patients or thrombophilia in 20%. Conclusion: OPV can be diagnosed even before the onset of portal hypertension, ALT elevation, and especially GGT elevation in most cases. Its etiology is not defined, but autoimmune diseases, thrombophilia, and the use of medications or herbal medicines may play a role.

Structural analysis of the peptides temporin-Ra and temporin-Rb and interactions with model membranes.

The skin of amphibians is widely exploited as rich sources of membrane active peptides that differ in chain size, polypeptide net charge, secondary structure, target selectivity and toxicity. In this study, two small antimicrobial peptides, temporin-Ra and temporin-Rb, originally isolated from the skin of the European marsh frog (Rana ridibunda), described as active against pathogen bacteria and presenting low toxicity to eukaryotic cells were synthesized and had their physicochemical properties and mechanism of action investigated. The temporin peptides were examined in aqueous solution and in the presence of membrane models (lipid monolayers, micelles, lipid bilayers and vesicles). A combined approach of bioinformatics analyses, biological activity assays, surface pressure measurements, synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy, and oriented circular dichroism spectroscopy were employed. Both peptides were able to adsorb at a lipid-air interface with a negative surface charge density, and efficiently disturb the lipid surface packing. A disorder-to-helix transition was observed on the secondary structure of both peptides when either in a non-polar environment or interacting with model membranes containing a negative net charge density. The binding of both temporin-Ra and temporin-Rb to membrane models is modulated by the presence of negatively charged lipids in the membrane. The amphipathic helix induced in temporin-Ra is oriented parallel to the membrane surface in negatively charged or in zwitterionic lipid bilayers, with no tendency for realignment after binding. Temporin-Rb, instead, assumes a ß-sheet conformation when deposited into oriented stacked lipid bilayers. Due to their short size and simple composition, both peptides are quite attractive for the development of new classes of peptide-based anti-infective drugs.

Evaluation of air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land reanalysis using surface data in Pernambuco, Brazil.

This study aimed to analyze the average air temperature data estimated by ERA5-Land reanalysis over 10 years (01/01/2011 to 12/31/2020), based on data from 12 automatic weather stations located in different cities in the state of Pernambuco, northeast of Brazil. For more careful evaluation, the average air temperature data were stratified by mesoregions of the state. ERA5-Land reanalysis data were validated using statistical indices that evaluated the accuracy. The average air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land reanalysis agree well with weather stations in almost the entire state of Pernambuco. The highest accuracy of the average air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land occurred in the city of Ibimirim (R2 = 0.98), while the lowest accuracy was measured in the city of Caruaru (R2 = 0.57). Root-mean-square error (RMSE) generated by the ERA5-Land reanalysis was lower than 0.60 °C in most Pernambuco. The highest RMSE of ERA5-Land for average air temperature was calculated using data from the city of Caruaru (1.11 °C), whereas the lowest RMSE was obtained with data from the city of Recife (0.41 °C). According to mean bias errors, (MBE) the ERA5-Land underestimated the average air temperature data compared to automatic weather stations data, especially in Ouricuri, which had the highest underestimation (-0.80 °C). On the other hand, among the municipalities where ERA5-Land overestimated the temperature values, the highest overestimation was identified in Garanhuns (0.35 °C). Therefore, based on the results of this study, ERA5-Land reanalysis successfully estimated the average air temperature for the state of Pernambuco.

Practices in sedation, analgesia, mobilization, delirium, and sleep deprivation in adult intensive care units (SAMDS-ICU): an international survey before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Since the publication of the 2018 Clinical Guidelines about sedation, analgesia, delirium, mobilization, and sleep deprivation in critically ill patients, no evaluation and adequacy assessment of these recommendations were studied in an international context. This survey aimed to investigate these current practices and if the COVID-19 pandemic has changed them. METHODS: This study was an open multinational electronic survey directed to physicians working in adult intensive care units (ICUs), which was performed in two steps: before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: We analyzed 1768 questionnaires and 1539 (87%) were complete. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, we received 1476 questionnaires and 292 were submitted later. The following practices were observed before the pandemic: the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (61.5%), the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) (48.2%), the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) (76.6%), and the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) (66.6%) were the most frequently tools used to assess pain, sedation level, and delirium, respectively; midazolam and fentanyl were the most frequently used drugs for inducing sedation and analgesia (84.8% and 78.3%, respectively), whereas haloperidol (68.8%) and atypical antipsychotics (69.4%) were the most prescribed drugs for delirium treatment; some physicians regularly prescribed drugs to induce sleep (19.1%) or ordered mechanical restraints as part of their routine (6.2%) for patients on mechanical ventilation; non-pharmacological strategies were frequently applied for pain, delirium, and sleep deprivation management. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the intensive care specialty was independently associated with best practices. Moreover, the mechanical ventilation rate was higher, patients received sedation more often (94% versus 86.1%, p < 0.001) and sedation goals were discussed more frequently in daily rounds. Morphine was the main drug used for analgesia (77.2%), and some sedative drugs, such as midazolam, propofol, ketamine and quetiapine, were used more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: Most sedation, analgesia and delirium practices were comparable before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, the intensive care specialty was a variable that was independently associated with the best practices. Although many findings are in accordance with evidence-based recommendations, some practices still need improvement.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HEPATOPORTAL SCLEROSIS IN A REFERRAL CENTER FOR LIVER DISEASE IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL.

BACKGROUND: Hepatoportal sclerosis HPS or obliterative portal venopathy (OPV), one of the differential diagnoses for non-cirrohtic portal hypertension, is characterized by the disappearance of the portal branches, portal and septal fibrosis, perisinusoidal fibrosis and regenerative nodular hyperplasia (RNH). It is a spectral disease that may progress to severe portal hypertension. Its etiopathogenesis is still little understood, especially in Brazil, it has been probably misdiagnosed due to its histopatological similarities with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of patients with HPS in Northeastern Brazil and to demonstrate the pathological characteristics of HPS. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed cases of OPV in liver biopsies and explants from a referral center for liver in Bahia - Brazil. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the portal tracts and liver parenchyma was made so that comparisons could be done among the HPS findings of our population and the findings described by other authors. RESULTS: From the 62 patients identified with HPS, 42% were male, while 58% were female. The average age at diagnosis was 48.3 years. From this group, we analyzed the liver biopsy of 10 patients whose diagnosis of schistosomiasis could be ruled out. From these 100% (10/10) presented dense portal fibrosis and portal venous obliteration. Liver parenchymal atrophy was present in 60% (6/10) of the patients, sinusoidal dilation was present in 30% (3/10), the presence of portal septa occurred in 50% (5/10) and dense portal fibrosis in all patients analyzed. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia was found in 30% (3/10) of the patients. CONCLUSION: HPS seems to be neglected and misdiagnosed in Brazil, due to its similarities with schistossomiasis. In our study dense portal fibrosis, obliteration of the portal vein branches, parenchymal atrophy, sinusoidal dilatation and parenchymal nodular hyperplasia were the main histopathological findings and were similar to that described in other countries.

Características histopatológicas, clínicas e epidemiológicas da esclerose hepatoportal em um centro de referência para doenças do fígado no Nordeste do Brasil / Histopathological, clinical and epidemiological features of hepatoportal sclerosis in a referral center for liver disease in northeastern brazil

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hepatoportal sclerosis HPS or obliterative portal venopathy (OPV), one of the differential diagnoses for non-cirrohtic portal hypertension, is characterized by the disappearance of the portal branches, portal and septal fibrosis, perisinusoidal fibrosis and regenerative nodular hyperplasia (RNH). It is a spectral disease that may progress to severe portal hypertension. Its etiopathogenesis is still little understood, especially in Brazil, it has been probably misdiagnosed due to its histopatological similarities with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of patients with HPS in Northeastern Brazil and to demonstrate the pathological characteristics of HPS. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed cases of OPV in liver biopsies and explants from a referral center for liver in Bahia - Brazil. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the portal tracts and liver parenchyma was made so that comparisons could be done among the HPS findings of our population and the findings described by other authors. RESULTS: From the 62 patients identified with HPS, 42% were male, while 58% were female. The average age at diagnosis was 48.3 years. From this group, we analyzed the liver biopsy of 10 patients whose diagnosis of schistosomiasis could be ruled out. From these 100% (10/10) presented dense portal fibrosis and portal venous obliteration. Liver parenchymal atrophy was present in 60% (6/10) of the patients, sinusoidal dilation was present in 30% (3/10), the presence of portal septa occurred in 50% (5/10) and dense portal fibrosis in all patients analyzed. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia was found in 30% (3/10) of the patients. CONCLUSION: HPS seems to be neglected and misdiagnosed in Brazil, due to its similarities with schistossomiasis. In our study dense portal fibrosis, obliteration of the portal vein branches, parenchymal atrophy, sinusoidal dilatation and parenchymal nodular hyperplasia were the main histopathological findings and were similar to that described in other countries.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Esclerose hepatoportal EHP ou venopatia portal obliterativa VPO, um dos diagnósticos diferenciais para a hipertensão portal não cirrótica, é caracterizada pelo desaparecimento dos ramos portais, fibrose portal e septal, fibrose sinusoidal e hiperplasia nodular regenerativa HNR. A EHP é um doença espectral, que pode progredir para hipertensão portal severa. Sua etiopatologia é ainda pouco compreendida, especialmente no Brasil, onde ela é provavelmente subdiagnoticada devido as suas similaridades com a forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose. OBJETIVO: Analizar o perfil dos pacientes com EHP no Nordeste do Brasil, e demontrar as características patológicas da EHP. MÉTODOS: Analisamos restrospectivamente os casos de VPO em biópsias hepáticas e explantes de um centro de referência em fígado na Bahia, Brasil. A análise qualiquantitativa dos tratos portais e parênquima hepático foi realizada, permitindo a comparação entre os nossos paciente e os achados descritos por outros autores. RESULTADOS: Entre os 62 paciente identificados com EHP, 42% era do sexo masculino, 58% era do sexo feminino. A média de idade no diagnótico foi 48,3 anos. Desse grupo, analizamos a biópsia hepática de 10 pacientes nos quais o diagnóstico de esquistossomose pode ser excluído. Desses pacientes, 100% 10/10 se apresentou com fibrose portal densa e obliteração venosa portal. Atrofia do perênquima hepático estava presente em 60% 6/10 dos pacientes, dilatação sinusiodal em 30% 3/10 a presença de septos portais ocorreu em 50% 5/10 e fibrose portal densa foi achada em todos os pacientes. Hiperplasia nodular regenerativa foi encontrada em 30% dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A EHP parece ser negligenciada e subdiagnosticada no Brasil, devido as suas similaridades com esquistossomose. Em nosso estudo, fibrose portal densa, obliteração dos ramos da veia porta, atrofia do parênquima, dilatação sinusoidal e hiperplasia nodular do parênquima foram os principais achados histopatológicos e foram semelhantes aos descritos em outros países.

Drug induced liver damage in a universitary hospital / Lesão hepática induzida por drogas em um hospital universitário

Introdução: lesão hepática induzida por drogas (DILI) é responsável por um amplo espectro de lesão hepática. Clinicamente, esses eventos são apresentados de várias formas e, para alcançar um diagnóstico diferente, outras causas de lesões devem ser excluídas. Objetivo: identificar e caracterizar casos de hepatotoxicidade induzida por medicamentos, fitoterápicos e suplementos alimentares em Hospital Universitário no Brasil. Metodologia: estudo observacional, retrospectivo. Os dados foram coletados em prontuários do Hospital Universitário, entre agosto de 2009, em agosto de 2014. A causalidade das reações medicamentosas suspeitas foi avaliada pelo Conselho de Organizações Internacionais de Ciências Médicas (CIOMS). Resultados: foram selecionados 30 casos suspeitos, 50% do sexo feminino e média de 39 anos. As classes terapêuticas mais comuns foram: anti-infecciosos; agentes antineoplásicos; drogas do sistema nervoso central, esteroides anabolizantes e suplementos herbáceos e dietéticos (HDS). Lesão colestática ou mista foi observada em 73% desses casos; 60% eram altamente prováveis, de acordo com o CIOMS. Conclusão: DILI é causada por uma grande variedade de drogas, suplementos dietéticos e suplementos dietéticos. Anti-infecciosos e quimioterapia foram responsáveis por grande parte da resposta.

Background: drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is responsible for wide spectrum of liver injury. Clinically, these events are presented in various forms and for reaching a different diagnosis other injury causes must be excluded. Aim: identify and characterize cases of hepatotoxicity induced by drugs, herbal and dietary supplements in University Hospital in Brazil. Methodology: observational and retrospective study. Was collected in records of University Hospital, between August 2009 at August 2014. The causality of the drug reactions suspected were evaluated Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). Results: we selected 30 suspected cases, 50% was female and average was 39 years. the therapeutic classes most common was: anti-infectives; antineoplastic agents; central nervous system drugs, anabolic steroid and herbal and dietary supplements (HDS). Cholestatic or mixed injury was observed in 73% these cases; 60% were highly probable, according to CIOMS. Conclusion: DILI is caused by a wide variety of drugs, dietary supplements and dietary supplements. Anti-infectives and chemotherapy were responsible for much of the response.

Fechamento de hemicorporectomia com utilização do retalho subtotal unilateral da coxa: relato de caso / Closure of hemicorporectomy using a subtotal unilateral tight flap: a case report

A hemicorporectomia ou amputação translombar foi primeiramente descrita em 1950 por Kredel como método curativo para neoplasia localmente avançada de pelve. Trata-se de um procedimento cirúrgico extenso, que quando bem indicado é capaz de prover a cura oncológica, além de possibilitar a melhora clínica e de qualidade de vida. Os autores apresentam o relato de caso de um paciente de 34 anos, com carcinoma espinocelular em úlcera de pressão crônica, acometendo períneo, glúteo e coxa posterior à direita. O paciente foi submetido à hemicorporectomia com reconstrução utilizando retalho subtotal da coxa esquerda. Observou-se boa evolução no pós-operatório e a utilização do retalho subtotal da coxa para fechamento da hemicorporectomia se mostrou como método seguro, eficiente e de técnica reprodutível.

Hemicorporectomy or translumbar amputation was first described in 1950 by Kredel to treat locally advanced pelvic neoplasia. This extensive surgical procedure can achieve oncological cure and improve clinical status and quality of life. The authors present a case report of a 34-yearold patient with squamous cell carcinoma in a chronic pressure ulcer affecting the right perineum, gluteus, and posterior thigh. The patient underwent hemicorporectomy with reconstructive surgery using a partial-thickness flap of the left thigh. The postoperative course was good, and the use of a partial-thickness flap of the thigh to close the hemicorporectomy proved to be safe, efficient, and reproducible.

Competências Propostas no Currículo de Medicina: Percepção do Egresso / Competencies Proposed in the Medical Curriculum: the Graduate's Perception

RESUMO Introdução: As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para cursos de Medicina trouxeram novos delineamentos de formação e desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências que instrumentalizam o médico para sua atuação. Objetivo: Identificar a percepção do egresso quanto à aquisição de competências e habilidades previstas no projeto pedagógico do curso de Medicina. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 229 egressos do curso de Medicina, entre 2005 e 2012, da Universidade Anhanguera-Uniderp de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, por meio de questionário autoaplicável, no período de abril a julho de 2013, contendo 34 competências e habilidades, avaliadas por meio da escala do tipo Likert. Resultados: Quanto à aquisição de competências gerais, observaram-se respostas ″bom″ ou ″muito bom″ para a maioria dos itens pesquisados. Para a competência referente à comunicação, os maiores índices de respostas "muito bom" foram nos domínios "ser capaz de interagir e se articular com outros profissionais de saúde" (60%) e "ser capaz de manter a confidencialidade das informações" (68%). Em relação às competências específicas, a maior parte dos egressos referiu como "bom" ou ″muito bom″ a aquisição da maioria dos domínios. Observou-se ainda que os domínios "utilizar procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos validados cientificamente″ e ″dominar os conhecimentos de fisiopatologia, do tratamento e reabilitação das doenças de maior prevalência″ tiveram os maiores índices de respostas ″bom″, 62% e 59%, respectivamente. No que se refere à aquisição de competências complementares, os domínios referentes às práticas gerais e específicas, tais como "estabelecer relação médico-paciente", "realizar exame físico correlacionando com as referências anatômicas" e "realizar exame físico geral e segmentar", atingiram maior percentual de respostas positivas (bom ou muito bom). Já os domínios referentes à "realização de exame especial neurológico", "realização do exame especial ortopédico" e "imobilização de fraturas" apresentaram respostas ruins e regulares, que, somadas, corresponderam a 49%, 69% e 83%, respectivamente. Conclusões: O estudo serviu de base para mudanças no curso, fornecendo subsídios para melhoria da qualidade de ensino e respondendo às necessidades do acadêmico na graduação.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Brazilian Education Guidelines for medical courses brought new designs for the education and development of abilities and competencies that qualify physicians for their practice. Objective: To identify the perception of graduates on the acquisition of abilities and competencies considered in the pedagogical project of a medical course. Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed with 229 graduates from a medical program carried out between 2005 and 2012, at Universidade Anhanguera-Uniderp in Campo Grande, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The study involved the application of a self-administered questionnaire including 34 competencies and abilities, assessed through a Likert scale, from April to July 2013. Results: Regarding the acquisition of general competences, "good" or "very good" answers were found for most of the studied items. For the competency regarding communication, most of the "very good" answers were found in the domains "being capable of interacting with other health professionals" (60%) and "being capable of maintaining information confidentiality" (68%). As for specific competencies, the majority of the graduates referred to the acquisition of most domains as "good" or "very good". The domains "using scientifically validated therapeutic and diagnostic procedures" and "mastering knowledge in physiopathology, treatment and rehabilitation of prevalent diseases" had the highest indices of "good" answers, 62% and 59%, respectively. As regards the acquisition of complementary competencies, the domains concerning general and specific practices, such as "establishing a physician-patient relationship", "performing a physical exam correlating it to anatomical references" and "performing a general and segmentary physical exam" achieved a greater percentage of positive answers (good or very good). The domains regarding "performing a special neurological exam", "performing a special orthopedic exam" and "immobilizing fractures" presented negative and regular answers, which when combined corresponded to 49%, 69% and 83%, respectively. Conclusions: The present study served as a basis for changes in the course, providing resources for improving the quality of education and meeting the graduates' needs.

Critérios diagnósticos de infecção no paciente queimado / Diagnostic criteria for infection in burn patients

Sepse com disfunção de múltiplos órgãos representa a principal causa de morte em pacientes com queimaduras graves e continua a ser assunto de muita pesquisa e debate. Tratamentos adequados e rápidos dependem de um diagnóstico acurado e imediato. Entretanto, o diagnóstico de sepse é difícil, especialmente em casos de queimaduras, nos quais os sinais de sepse podem estar presentes na ausência de infecção e podem levar à utilização desnecessária de antibióticos. Queimaduras gravessão acompanhadas por uma “síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica”, tornando indicadores tradicionais de sepse pouco sensíveis e inespecíficos. Para resolver isso, a American Burn Association (ABA) publicou critérios diagnósticos em2007 para padronizar a definição de sepse nestes pacientes. Como essas diretrizes são baseadas em consenso e não em estudos clínicos prospectivos, métodos mais precisos de detecção de sepse nesta população estão em estudo. Isso tem levado auma busca por marcadores biológicos capazes de identificar a resposta inflamatória de corrente da presença de infecção, o que pode ser útil no diagnóstico inicial.

Sepsis with multiple-organ dysfunction represents the major cause of death in severe burns patients and remains subject of much research and debate. Adequate and rapid treatments presume an accurate and prompt diagnosis. Although, diagnosis of sepsis is difficult, particularly in cases of burn where signs of sepsis may be present in the absence of a real infection and can lead to unnecessary use of antibiotics. Severe burn injury is accompanied by a “systemic inflammatory response syndrome”, making traditional indicators of sepsis both insensitive and nonspecific. To address this, the American Burn Association (ABA) published diagnostic criteria in 2007 to standardize the definition of sepsis in these patients. Because these guidelines are based on consensus and not founded in prospective clinical studies, more precise methods of detecting sepsis in this vulnerable population have been studied. This has led to a search for biological tools capable of identifying the inflammatory response due to infection, which could be useful in the initial diagnosis.

Análise de 10 anos de casos de queimaduras por álcool com necessidade de internação em hospital quaternário / Analysis of 10 years for alcohol burn cases requiring hospitalization in a quaternary hospital

Objetivo: A queimadura por álcool representa um grave problema de saúde pública devido a sua alta prevalência na nossa sociedade, gerando altos custos e sequelas irreversíveis. Medidas preventivas são necessárias para reduzir o impacto que esse tipo de queimadura acarreta, contudo o conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico desse tipo de queimadura é importante para a adequada elaboração dessas medidas. O estudo apresenta como objetivo demonstrar o perfil epidemiológico das internações por queimadura por álcool durante um período de 10 anos. Método: Foram analisados os dados dos pacientes internados durante o ano de 2001 até 2011. Resultados: Observou-se alta prevalência da queimadura por álcool durante o período, com acometimento de indivíduos mais jovens. Não foi evidenciada mudança no número de casos por anos durante esse período e obtiveram-se índices elevados de óbitos por esse tipo de queimadura. Os pacientes que receberam o primeiro atendimento em serviço especializado de queimadura foram os que tiveram maior sobrevida. Conclusões: O álcool, atualmente, é um dos principais causadores de queimaduras na nossa sociedade, provocando morbidades e mortalidades. Medidas preventivas, educacionais e legislativas são necessárias para conseguir uma mudança no cenário atual. Estudos epidemiológicos são importantes, pois oferecem um panorama desse tipo de injúria, direcionando as medidas preventivas.

Objective: The alcohol-burning is a serious public health problem due to its high prevalence in our society, generating high costs and irreversible sequelae. Preventive measures are needed to reduce the impact that this type of burn causes, therefore, the knowledge of the epidemiological profile of this type of burn is important for proper development of such measures. The present study aimed to demonstrate the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations for burns caused by alcohol flame during a period of 10 years. Methods: We analyzed data of patients hospitalized during the years 2001 to 2011, submitting the data to statistical analysis. Results: It was observed a high prevalence of burns caused by alcohol flame, involving mainly young patients. No change was seen in the number of cases per year during this period. A high rate of mortality was associated with this type of burn. Patients who received first care in a Burn Center were those who had the highest survival rate. Conclusions: Alcohol is now a major cause of burns in our society, causing morbidity and mortality. Preventive, educational and legislative measures are necessary to achieve a change in the current scenario. Epidemiological studies are important because they provide an overview of this type of injury, directing preventive measures.